Practice of Cleaning Techniques in the Electroplating Industry

The severe market situation requires that electroplating in China is an industry that directly or indirectly serves the international market, and the focus of competition has shifted from quality and price to "green" competition. The "green" production process has become a bottleneck that hinders the further development of many enterprises. The European automotive industry has proposed that the hexavalent chromium content of each vehicle should not exceed 2 grams and will be fully implemented in 2007.

Many Western countries have legislated to regulate the concentration and amount of harmful substances in electroplating emissions. For example, the upper limit of the concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) in wastewater is 015ppm. Many multinational enterprises have also put forward strict requirements for green certification for their supporting electroplating processing enterprises.

In response to the severe environmental situation, the Chinese government has repeatedly proposed that China's development cannot be achieved at the cost of sacrificing the environment. In the late 20th century and five years, six environmental protection laws, 10 laws closely related to resources, more than 30 environmental protection regulations, and more than 90 environmental regulations were successively formulated and revised. 427 national environmental standards were formulated and issued, and a new clause "crimes against environmental resources" was added to the revised Criminal Law.

According to these laws and regulations, governments at all levels have cleaned up and adjusted enterprises that seriously endanger environmental resources, and closed, suspended, merged, and transferred small electroplating enterprises that do not meet the conditions. The electroplating enterprises in Jinhua City have low quality, high resource waste, high energy consumption, and serious pollution, and their current situation is far from the goals of the Clean Production Promotion Law.

The author believes that when enterprises are preparing to implement technological and management reforms, they must first form a working group consisting of enterprise decision-making leaders, process technology experts, management workers, and workers with practical experience. It is crucial for enterprises to seek experts who are proficient in craftsmanship and can balance technical equipment, rather than having experts in the management of three wastes lead the technical transformation plan. The author sincerely hopes that visionary enterprise leaders can seize the current period and plan the preliminary work of implementing clean production in a detailed and in-depth manner.

It has become a consensus that the production lines in enterprises must undergo technological transformation before implementing clean production. Technological transformation must be based on the production line as the basic unit, and through systematic planning, the following three aspects must be carefully addressed: 311 reducing pollution from the source, improving resource utilization, reducing energy consumption, and reducing or avoiding the generation of pollutants. (1) improving the processing qualification rate and eliminating repaired products. By improving the process and optimizing process parameters, strengthening quality control in the production process, improving the processing qualification rate, and eliminating repaired products, It is the most basic measure to reduce material and energy consumption, as well as waste.

(2) Using low toxicity and low harm chemical raw materials and functional treatment solutions prepared with low toxicity and low harm raw materials to replace treatment solutions prepared with high toxicity and high harm raw materials; Replace high concentration formulas with low concentration formulas.

It must be reminded that changing the formula of the treatment solution must be done with caution, and it should be demonstrated through various experiments that it can meet quality requirements and has good processability before it can be used with confidence.

(3) Emphasize the improvement of traditional pre-treatment processes, such as oil removal (degreasing)